Media and Eating Disorders
The influence of the media on the proliferation of eating disorders cannot be refuted.
From an early age we are bombarded with images and messages that reinforce the idea
to be happy and successful we must be thin. Today, you cannot read a magazine or
newspaper, turn on the television, listen to the radio, or shop at the mall without
being assaulted with the message that fat is bad. The most frightening part is that
this destructive message is reaching kids. Adolescents often feel fatally flawed
if their weight, hips, and breasts don’t match up to those of models and actors.
Today even elementary school aged children are obsessed with their weight. To illustrate
the media’s obsession with thinness, try and name 5 current female television personalities
who are overweight. Compare that task to naming 5 female television personalities
who are underweight or at ideal weight. Even if the argument is made that the media’s
portrayal of women is just a mirror of society and not an initiator, the media’s
still needs to take responsibility for at least perpetuating the dysfunction. The
following are statistics and facts that document how obsessed we are as a society
with the pursuit of thinness.
Dieting
 One out of three women and
one out of four men are on a diet at any given time.
35% of occasional dieters progress into pathological dieting.
Two out of five women and one out of five men would trade three to five years of
their life to achieve their weight goals.
Diet and diet related products are a 33 billion dollar a year industry.
In 1970 the average age a girl started dieting was 14; by 1990 the average age dropped
to 8.
One half of 4th grade girls are on a diet.
51% of nine and ten year old girls stated they felt better about themselves when
they were adhering to a diet.
Frequent dieting is highly correlated with depression.
While only one out of ten high school girls are overweight, nine out of ten high
school juniors and seniors diet.
79% of teenage girls who vomit and 73% of teenage girls who use diet pills are frequent
readers of women’s health and fitness magazines. This is in contrast to less than
43% of teenage girls who do not participate in these purging methods.
95% of individuals who diet
as opposed to follow a healthy food plan will gain their lost weight back in one
to five years.
Body Image
In one study, three out of four women stated that they were overweight although
only one out of four actually were.
Four out of five U.S. women are dissatisfied with their appearance.
81% of ten-year-old girls are afraid of being fat.
42% of girls in first through third grades state they want to be thinner.
A study found that adolescent girls were more fearful of gaining weight, than getting
cancer, nuclear war or losing their parents.
Over one half of normal weight white adolescent girls consider themselves fat.
Following viewing images of female fashion models, seven out of ten women felt more
depressed and angrier than prior to viewing the images.
When preschoolers were offered dolls identical in every respect except weight, they
preferred the thin doll nine out of ten times.
A study asked children to assign attractiveness values to pictures of children with
various disabilities. The participants rated the obese child less attractive than
a child in a wheelchair, a child with a facial deformity, and a child with a missing
limb.
A study found that women overestimate the size of their hips by 16% and their waists
by 25%, yet the same women were able to correctly estimate the width of a box.
In a Glamour survey, 61% of respondents said they were ashamed of their hips, 64%
were ashamed of their stomachs and 72% were ashamed of their thighs.
30% of women chose an ideal body shape that is 20% underweight and an additional
44% chose an ideal body shape 10% underweight.
50% of women wear size 14 or larger, but most standard clothing outlets cater to
sizes 14 or smaller.
Models
In 1950 mannequins closely resembled the average measurements of women. The average
hip measurement of mannequins and women were 34 inches. By 1990 the average hip
measurement was 37 inches, while the average mannequins hip measured only 31 inches.
If today’s mannequins were actual human women, based on their theoretical body-fat
percentages they would have probably ceased to menstruate.
The average U.S. woman is 5’4” and weighs 140 pounds. In contrast the average U.S.
model is 5’11” and weighs 117 pounds.
Over the last three decades fashion models, Miss America contestants, and Playboy
centerfolds have grown steadily thinner, while the average woman’s weight has actually
risen.
Also over the last three decades male Playgirl centerfolds have become more muscular
and have less body fat, while the average man’s weight and percentage of body fat
has increased.
Some of the pictures of the models in magazines do not really exist. The pictures
are computer-modified compilations of different body parts.
A study found that 25% of Playboy centerfolds met the weight criteria for Anorexia.
Twenty years ago the average fashion model weighed 8% less than the average woman.
Today she weighs 23% less.
Kate Moss is 5’7” and weights 95 pounds. That is 30% below ideal body weight.
Supermodels Niki Taylor and Elle Macpherson also meet the Body Mass Index physical
criteria for Anorexia.
Gisele Bundchen was Vogue’s model of the year, in part the magazine states, because
she strays from the rail-thin image. Gisele is 5’11” and weights only 115, that
is 25% below her ideal body weight.
Television and Movies
Following the introduction of Western television in Fiji there was surge in the
rate of eating disorders.
One out of every four television commercials sends out some sort of message about
attractiveness.
One study documented that viewing music videos featuring thin women led to increase
in body dissatisfaction.
80% of women who answered a People magazine survey responded that images of women
on television and in the movies make them feel insecure.
Actresses Julia Roberts and Cameron Diaz and singer Diana Ross all meet the Body
Mass Index physical criteria for Anorexia.
Model/Actress Elizabeth Hurley stated in Allure magazine “I’ve always thought Marilyn
Monroe looked fabulous, but I’d kill myself if I was that fat.”
Pamela Anderson is 5’7” and weights 120 pounds. She is supposed to be the voluptuous
ideal yet she is 11% below ideal body weight. In contrast, a generation ago Marilyn
Monroe set the beauty standard at 5’5” and weighed 135 pounds. Today her agent would
probably tell her she had to lose weight!
Changing society’s view cannot happen overnight, but here are a few suggestions
to help you defend against negative messages:
Be Realistic - Women's bodies
are designed to store fat for a developing child. Those models and actors you admire
starve themselves, punish themselves with extreme workouts and endure surgery to
look the way they do.
`
Be Realistic - Women’s bodies are designed to store fat for a developing child.
Those models and actors you admire starve themselves, punish themselves with extreme
workouts and endure surgery to look the way they do.
Variety is the spice of life - If we all looked exactly the same life would be boring.
Get into the uniqueness of you.
Appreciate your body - Reestablish a positive relationship with your body. Your
body is the most valuable asset you will ever own. All of Bill Gates money could
not recreate you. Begin viewing your body as an instrument and not an ornament.
Learn to appreciate your body for what it can do, not for what it looks like. Make
a list of those things you like about your body.
Pamper your body - Take a long hot bath and sooth yourself. Spoil yourself by getting
a massage.
Exercise - Studies have shown that when people participate in even moderate exercise,
such as walking, they feel more connected and better about their bodies.
You can’t judge a book by its cover - There is a lot more to you than what you look
like. Your appearance is not your identity. Make a list of your traits that you
really like. Think about the people you admire and look up to. You admire these
individuals because of who they are, not because of what they look like.
Surround yourself with support- Seek out others in your life who value you for who
you are and not for what you look like. Find people who exhibit a healthy relationship
with their body. Avoid those who tease or are constantly focusing on their weight.
Throw away the scale- For many individuals, the number the scale reads in the morning
determines what kind of day they are going to have. If the scale number is higher
than they had hoped for they feel depressed and if they met their weight goal they
feel elated. Constant weighing usually turns into a negative experience that leads
to dissatisfaction and obsession. Many individuals have chosen to smash their scales
and in the process have freed themselves from having their emotions tied to a number
that has nothing at all to do with who they really are.
Mealtime equals Family time- Studies have shown that families that eat meals together
have a lower occurrence of eating disorders. Making time to eat together as a complete
family can be difficult with all the family’s divergent responsibilities and activities
but mealtimes may be one of the most important events of the day. Mealtimes together
allow family members to check-in with each other, model appropriate eating behaviors,
and provides a forum to resolve conflict both within and outside the family.
Be a good role model - Your children will have enough pressure from the media and
peers. Try not to express dissatisfaction with your body in front of your children.
Seventy-seven percent of children first learn about dieting from a family member,
usually a parent. Studies have shown that parents who displayed dissatisfaction
with their body were more likely to have children with body image disturbances when
they became adults. Families of eating disordered individuals also tend to be overly
concerned with physical attractiveness and social appearance. Discuss with your
children the ridiculous nature of the media’s portrayal of body image and encourage
them not to buy into it.
The following is a poem written by one of our former clients about the media and
its influence on her.
The one day I did
One day I actually picked up one of those subscription cards
That are always falling out of magazines
It was dropped by a woman who was everything I wanted to be
Beautiful
(thin)
tall
(thin)
rich
(thin)
successful
(thin)
perfect
(and God, she was thin)
perfect.
I looked down at myself,
My mediocre self
And I thought it was time to get a subscription
I took the card home and filled it out
And dropped it in the mailbox
Not knowing that when I signed my name I also signed away
Freedom
Peace of mind
Health
Hope
And happiness
When the issues started coming
I soaked them in greedily
But still I remained nothing more than me
And I thought
This isn’t working, I have to try harder
So I found a community
Of people like me
And we shared what we were
What we should be
And how we should get there.
Some of us succeeded and some of us failed,
Some of us got fed-up and stopped reading
Some of us got the magazine ripped out of our hands,
And some of us died.
I never thought it would go this far, never thought that at
21
I’d be thankful to be alive
I tried to cancel my subscription, but was denied.
Didn’t you read the fine print?
Once you signed you are stuck with me for life
A never ending barrage of models and
Grapefruit diets and
How to please your man and
How to tone your thighs and
How to slowly kill yourself by aiming for the unattainable.
I shove each new magazine in the back of my closet
But something in me can’t bear to throw them out,
All those back issues of angst and devotion
I admit sometime my curiosity gets the better of my
Common sense
And I open the pages just to see what’s new inside
Just to see
And God they are thin (perfect)
But it’s not hard to seem flawless when you’re
Two-dimensional.
I looked down at my arms and I turned them and
Pinched the flesh I tried for nine years to melt away
I sighed with the resignation that
I was 3-D.
I stood up and left my house and started
To resume my life.
For more information or to arrange for a free confidential consultation, call
|